Author: Alec Fearon

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Digital object identifier

Wikipedia defines a digital object identifier (DOI) as “a character string (a “digital identifier”) used to uniquely identify an object such as an electronic document. Metadata about the object is stored in association with the DOI name and this metadata may include a location, such as a URL, where the object can be found. The DOI for a document is permanent, whereas its location and other metadata may change. Referring to an online document by its DOI provides more stable linking than simply referring to it by its URL, because if its URL changes, the publisher need only update the metadata for the DOI to link to the new URL.“

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UNDP action plan & report on delivery

In June 2010 Helen Clark, UNDP Administrator, introduced the UNDP Action Plan thus: “Looking ahead, my vision is for UNDP to be widely acknowledged as a world class, knowledge based development organization which helps developing countries make transformational change and helps channel the strengths of the entire UN development system to that end.”

In July of that year she issued a report ‘UNDP in Action 2009/2010: Delivering on Commitments‘. Its contents were:

Letter from the UNDP Administrator
Introduction: making a real difference
UNDP in Action: Delivering on commitments

  • Poverty Reduction and the MDGs: countdown to 2015
    Up Close Rwanda: Tackling Poverty Through Local Governance
  • Democratic Governance: Providing an Enabling Environment
    Up Close Indonesia: A Decade of Electoral Support
  • Crisis Prevention and Recovery: Building Back Better
    Up Close Croatia: Controlling Arms, Preventing Violence
  • Environment and Sustainable Developm ent: Adapting to a New Reality
    Up Close Brazil: Eliminating CFCs

UNDP and the UN System: Focusing on Development
Inside UNDP: Living Up to In ternal Commitments
UNDP Resources

Reference
CLARK, H. 2010. UNDP in Action 2009/2010: Delivering on Commitments. New York.

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EndNote Web – using Harvard style

To set the Harvard style as one of your favourites for use throughout EndNote web:

  1. Open EndNote Web.
  2. Select the ‘Format’ tab and then ‘Bibliography’.
  3. Click on ‘Select Favourites’ beside the drop down box labelled Bibliographic Style.
  4. Scroll down the list labelled ‘All’ and select ‘Harvard’.
  5. Click on ‘Copy to Favorites’.

The Harvard style will now be available to you in the Cite While You Write plug-in for MS Word.

  1. On the EndNote Web toolbar in MS Word, select ‘Harvard’ in the Style drop-down box .
  2. Put the cursor in the document where you want to enter the citation and click ‘Find Citations’.
  3. A window opens to let you select the reference. When you have done so, click ‘Insert’.
  4. The citation is inserted in the body of the text and the reference is added to the list of references at the end of the text.

 

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Citation mapping

Hart (1998) explains the usefulness of citation mapping and analysis in order “to map out the development of an idea, technique or theory“, which is an important aspect of a literature review. See also what Wikipedia has to say about citation index.

Google Scholar is a free tool to help with this. The paper by Noruzi (2005) gives an overview of how to use Google Scholar.

References
Hart C. 1998. Doing a literature review : releasing the social science research imagination. London: SAGE.
Noruzi A. 2005. Google Scholar: The New Generation of Citation Indexes. Libri, International Journal of Libraries and Information Services 55(4):169-253.